Practical health, nutrition and wellness information for healthier living.

Cancer

Cancer category image

Cancer is a broad group of diseases involving unregulated cell growth. There are over 200 different known cancers that affect humans. 

In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invading nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.

The causes of cancer are diverse, complex, and only partially understood. Many things are known to increase the risk of cancer, including tobacco use, dietary factors, certain infections, exposure to radiation, lack of physical activity, obesity, and environmental pollutants.

These factors can directly damage genes or combine with existing genetic faults within cells to cause cancerous mutations.10% of cancers can be traced directly to inherited genetic defects.

Many cancers could be prevented by not smoking, eating more vegetables, fruits and whole grains, eating less meat and refined carbohydrates, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising, minimizing sunlight exposure, and being vaccinated against some infectious diseases.

Alphabetical List of Cancers

A

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma
  • AIDS-related cancers
  • AIDS-related lymphoma
  • Anal cancer
  • Appendix cancer
  • Astrocytoma, childhood cerebellar or cerebral

B

  • Basal-cell carcinoma
  • Bile duct cancer, extrahepatic (see cholangiocarcinoma)
  • Bladder cancer
  • Bone tumor, osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma
  • Brainstem glioma
  • Brain cancer
  • Brain tumor, cerebellar astrocytoma
  • Brain tumor, cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma
  • Brain tumor, ependymoma
  • Brain tumor, medulloblastoma
  • Brain tumor, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors
  • Brain tumor, visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma
  • Breast cancer
  • Bronchial adenomas/carcinoids
  • Burkitt’s lymphoma

C

  • Carcinoid tumor, childhood
  • Carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal
  • Carcinoma of unknown primary
  • Central nervous system lymphoma, primary
  • Cerebellar astrocytoma, childhood
  • Cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma, childhood
  • Cervical cancer
  • Childhood cancers
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • Chronic myelogenous leukemia
  • Chronic myeloproliferative disorders
  • Colon cancer
  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

D

  • Desmoplastic small round cell tumor

E

  • Endometrial cancer
  • Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE)
  • Esophageal cancer
  • Ewing’s sarcoma in the Ewing family of tumors
  • Extracranial germ cell tumor, childhood
  • Extragonadal germ cell tumor
  • Extrahepatic bile duct cancer
  • Eye cancer, intraocular melanoma
  • Eye cancer, retinoblastoma

G

  • Gallbladder cancer
  • Gastric (stomach) cancer
  • Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor
  • Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
  • Germ cell tumor: extracranial, extragonadal, or ovarian
  • Gestational trophoblastic tumor
  • Glioma of the brain stem
  • Glioma, childhood cerebral astrocytoma
  • Glioma, childhood visual pathway and hypothalamic
  • Gastric carcinoid

H

  • Hairy cell leukemia
  • Head and neck cancer
  • Heart cancer
  • Hepatocellular (liver) cancer
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Hypopharyngeal cancer
  • Hypothalamic and visual pathway glioma, childhood

I

  • Intraocular melanoma
  • Islet cell carcinoma (endocrine pancreas)

K

  • Kaposi sarcoma
  • Kidney cancer (renal cell cancer)

L

  • Laryngeal cancer
  • Leukaemias
  • Leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic (also called acute lymphocytic leukaemia)
  • Leukaemia, acute myeloid (also called acute myelogenous leukemia)
  • Leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic (also called chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
  • Leukemia, chronic myelogenous (also called chronic myeloid leukemia)
  • Leukemia, hairy cell
  • Lip and oral cavity cancer
  • Liposarcoma
  • Liver cancer (primary)
  • Lolerez (primary)
  • Lung cancer, non-small cell
  • Lung cancer, small cell
  • Lymphomas
  • Lymphoma, AIDS-related
  • Lymphoma, Burkitt
  • Lymphoma, cutaneous T-Cell
  • Lymphoma, Hodgkin
  • Lymphomas, Non-Hodgkin (an old classification of all lymphomas except Hodgkin’s)
  • Lymphoma, primary central nervous system

M

  • Male breast cancer
  • Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone/osteosarcoma
  • Medulloblastoma, childhood
  • Melanoma
  • Melanoma, intraocular (eye)
  • Merkel cell cancer
  • Mesothelioma, adult malignant
  • Mesothelioma, childhood
  • Metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary
  • Mouth cancer
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, childhood
  • Multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm
  • Mycosis fungoides
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes
  • Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases
  • Myelogenous leukemia, chronic
  • Myeloid leukemia, adult acute
  • Myeloid leukemia, childhood acute
  • Myeloma, multiple (cancer of the bone-marrow)
  • Myeloproliferative disorders, chronic

N

  • Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer
  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  • Neuroblastoma
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Non-small cell lung cancer

O

  • Oligodendroglioma
  • Oral cancer
  • Oropharyngeal cancer
  • Osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone
  • Ovarian cancer
  • Ovarian epithelial cancer (surface epithelial-stromal tumor)
  • Ovarian germ cell tumor
  • Ovarian low malignant potential tumor

P

  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Pancreatic cancer, islet cell
  • Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer
  • Parathyroid cancer
  • Penile cancer
  • Pharyngeal cancer
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Phyllodes breast tumors
  • Pineal astrocytoma
  • Pineoblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, childhood
  • Pituitary adenoma
  • Plasma cell neoplasia/Multiple myeloma
  • Pleuropulmonary blastoma
  • Primary central nervous system lymphoma
  • Prostate cancer

R

  • Rectal cancer
  • Renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer)
  • Renal pelvis and ureter, transitional cell cancer
  • Retinoblastoma
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma, childhood

S

  • Salivary gland cancer
  • Sarcoma, Ewing family of tumors
  • Sarcoma, Kaposi
  • Sarcoma, soft tissue
  • Sarcoma, uterine
  • Sézary syndrome
  • Skin cancer (non-melanoma)
  • Skin cancer (melanoma)
  • Skin carcinoma, Merkel cell
  • Small cell lung cancer
  • Small intestine cancer
  • Soft tissue sarcoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma – see skin cancer (non-melanoma)
  • Squamous neck cancer with occult primary, metastatic
  • Stomach cancer
  • Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, childhood

T

  • T-Cell lymphoma, cutaneous – see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary syndrome
  • Testicular cancer
  • Throat cancer
  • Thymoma, childhood
  • Thymoma and thymic carcinoma
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Thyroid cancer, childhood
  • Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter
  • Trophoblastic tumor, gestational

U

  • Unknown primary site, carcinoma of, adult
  • Unknown primary site, cancer of, childhood
  • Ureter and renal pelvis, transitional cell cancer
  • Urethral cancer
  • Uterine cancer, endometrial
  • Uterine sarcoma

V

  • Vaginal cancer
  • Visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma, childhood
  • Vulvar cancer

W

  • Waldenström macroglobulinemia
  • Wilms tumor (kidney cancer), childhood